Linux - ARM cross-compiled

ARM cross-compiled… here is a solution to the problem.

ARM cross-compiled

I have installed the ARM cross-compiler toolchain on my x86 Ubuntu 12.04 linux.

Now I have the arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc cross-compiler.

I wrote the following simple hello world program

#include <stdio.h>
int main(){
  printf("hello world\n");
  return 0;
}

I cross-compiled

this program

arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc -o a.c -static

The compiled binary result is as follows

$ file one
a: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, version 1 (SYSV), statically lined, for GNU/Linux 2.6.31, not stripped

IF I RUN THIS BINARY ON ARM DEBIAN LINUX ON QEMU
It reads “Illegal Directives”

BUT IF I COMPILE THE SAME SOURCE CODE WITH GCC ON MY ARM DEBIAN LINUX, IT WORKS FINE.

The result is the same for both binaries.
What’s wrong with my cross-compiled ARM binary?

Thanks in advance.

[email protected]:/var/www$ arm-linux-gnueabi-readelf --file-header --arch-specific a
ELF Header:
  Magic:   7f 45 4c 46 01 01 01 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 
  Class:                             ELF32
  Data:                              2's complement, little endian
  Version:                           1 (current)
  OS/ABI:                            UNIX - System V
  ABI Version:                       0
  Type:                              EXEC (Executable file)
  Machine:                           ARM
  Version:                           0x1
  Entry point address:               0x8881
  Start of program headers:          52 (bytes into file)
  Start of section headers:          368052 (bytes into file)
  Flags:                             0x5000002, has entry point, Version5 EABI
  Size of this header:               52 (bytes)
  Size of program headers:           32 (bytes)
      Number of program headers:         7
  Size of section headers:           40 (bytes)
  Number of section headers:         30
  Section header string table index: 27
Attribute Section: aeabi
File Attributes
  Tag_CPU_name: "7-A"
  Tag_CPU_arch: v7
  Tag_CPU_arch_profile: Application
  Tag_ARM_ISA_use: Yes
  Tag_THUMB_ISA_use: Thumb-2
  Tag_FP_arch: VFPv3-D16
  Tag_ABI_PCS_wchar_t: 4
  Tag_ABI_FP_denormal: Needed
  Tag_ABI_FP_exceptions: Needed
  Tag_ABI_FP_number_model: IEEE 754
  Tag_ABI_align_needed: 8-byte
  Tag_ABI_align_preserved: 8-byte, except leaf SP
  Tag_ABI_enum_size: int
  Tag_ABI_HardFP_use: SP and DP
  Tag_CPU_unaligned_access: v6
  Tag_DIV_use: Not allowed

Solution

Can you run the readelf command to determine which ARM architecture your cross-compiler is targeting? We need to see if Qemu supports this goal.

arm-linux-gnueabi-readelf --file-header --arch-specific a

In addition, you can check the output of DMEG in your analog system. It should contain a description of the illegal instruction.

In addition, you can run your program in the debugger to see which instruction fails.

Linux – ARM cross-compiled

ARM cross-compiled

Solution

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